Rules of the game

Standards, certification and regulation

The frameworks that decide whether artisanal minerals reach legal markets. Filter by type or focus, search by name, and note the source rating on each entry.

Three kinds of instrument shape responsible ASM: certification schemes that miners can join, frameworks that set the due-diligence rules, and regulation that governments impose. The chips below filter by type; the dropdown narrows by mineral focus.

The chip on each card is a corroboration rating: Strong (multiple independent sources), Corroborated, Single source, or Contested. Links open the scheme’s own site. Last reviewed July 2026.

17 entries

FrameworkStrong

OECD Due Diligence Guidance

The global benchmark for responsible mineral sourcing from conflict-affected and high-risk areas; nearly every other scheme aligns to it.

The 5-step reference standard (since 2011)
FrameworkStrong

World Bank Renewed Framework for ASM

The 2024 flagship reframing ASM around legitimacy and professionalisation; the foundation of the "renewal" agenda.

Sept 2024
FrameworkStrong

Minamata Convention on Mercury

The mercury treaty; requires National Action Plans to cut and where feasible eliminate mercury in artisanal gold mining.

COP-6, 2025; ~35 ASGM NAPs
FrameworkStrong

LBMA Responsible Gold + ASM Toolkit

Refiner due-diligence rules plus a toolkit aimed at getting more artisanal gold into the legitimate market.

ASM ~20% of gold, <1% of refiner throughput
FrameworkContested

Kimberley Process

Rough-diamond origin certification born from artisanal "conflict diamonds"; critics say its narrow definition ignores wider harms.

Reform again stalled (2025)
CertificationStrong

RMAP (Responsible Minerals Assurance Process)

RMI’s smelter/refiner audit programme for tin, tantalum, tungsten and gold; the EU now accepts it for Conflict Minerals Regulation compliance.

First scheme recognised under the EU CMR (2025)
CertificationStrong

CRAFT Code 2.1

A progressive market-entry standard letting artisanal producers enter responsible supply chains step by step, with an upstream-assurance scheme.

OECD-aligned; RMI-recognised (2024)
CertificationCorroborated

Fairmined (ARM)

Certification and premium for responsible ASM gold, silver and platinum; small but pioneering certified footprint in Latin America.

11 certified orgs; 74 kg sold (2024)
CertificationCorroborated

Fairtrade Gold

Fairtrade standard and premium for ASM gold organisations, audited by FLOCERT; realised volumes remain marginal.

~8 kg sold in Germany (2024)
CertificationCorroborated

Swiss Better Gold

A SECO public-private scheme channelling responsibly produced ASM gold from Peru, Colombia and Bolivia to Switzerland.

~8 t gold; ~6,200 miners
CertificationCorroborated

Maendeleo Diamond Standards

The Diamond Development Initiative’s eight-principle standard for artisanal diamond mining, piloted in Sierra Leone.

First ASM-specific diamond standard
CertificationContested

iTSCI

Tagging and chain-of-custody for 3T minerals in the Great Lakes; watchdogs allege mis-tagging of conflict minerals and RMI suspended its recognition.

~3,000 sites; RMI-de-recognised since 2022
RegulationStrong

DRC cobalt export quota (ARECOMS)

After a 2025 export ban, the DRC capped cobalt exports with a hard quota and routes artisanal cobalt through the state monopoly EGC.

96,600 t/yr, 2026–2027
RegulationStrong

EU Critical Raw Materials Act

Sets 2030 EU supply benchmarks for critical minerals and ties strategic projects to OECD due-diligence, with DRC cobalt a flagged exposure.

In force May 2024; strategic projects
RegulationStrong

EU Batteries Regulation (due diligence)

Battery supply-chain due-diligence on cobalt, lithium, nickel and graphite, explicitly targeting ASM-linked risks; start postponed two years.

Due diligence delayed to Aug 2027
RegulationStrong

EU Conflict Minerals Regulation

Mandatory 3TG supply-chain due diligence for EU importers from conflict-affected areas.

In force 2021; RMAP recognised 2025
RegulationCorroborated

US Dodd-Frank Section 1502

The original conflict-minerals disclosure rule for DRC-region 3TG; on the books but its audit element has been dormant since 2017.

Conflict-minerals rule; under repeal pressure
The pattern. Certification reaches only a sliver of miners (Fairmined gold sold in 2024 was measured in dozens of kilos), while regulation increasingly sets the terms of market access. Both work only when miners are formalised enough to take part. See formalisation →